Arduino Leonardo not recognized USB device, flash bootloader with Raspberry Pi

While flashing new program to Arduino Leonardo usb cable got disconnected which aparently bricked it. Windows no longer was able to recognize it. I found out that bootloader was broken which can be easily flashed using another Arduino. I have also Arduino Mini Pro but unfortunatelly there is no tutorial how to use it to recover Leonardo. After multiple attempts I came to the conclusion that it is not possible to use Arduino Mini Pro for this.

I tried with Raspberry Pi then. I used tutorial from here but it didn't really cover the whole process. What I did was:


1. Install avrdude

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install avrdude

2. Connect the wires:

Arduino ICSP VCC to Raspberry Pi 5 volt pin.
Arduino ICSP GND to Raspberry Pi ground pin.
Arduino ICSP RESET to Raspberry Pi GPIO #12.
Arduino ICSP SCK to Raspberry Pi GPIO #24.
Arduino ICSP MOSI to Raspberry Pi GPIO #23.
Arduino ICSP MISO to Raspberry Pi GPIO #18.


3. Prepare configuration file (I used leafpad to edit it):

cp /etc/avrdude.conf /etc/avrdude_gpio.conf
leafpad /etc/avrdude_gpio.conf

4. At the end of avrdude_gpio.conf I added below lines:

# Linux GPIO configuration for avrdude.
# Change the lines below to the GPIO pins connected to the AVR.
programmer
id = "pi_1";
desc = "Use the Linux sysfs interface to bitbang GPIO lines";
type = "linuxgpio";
reset = 12;
sck = 24;
mosi = 23;
miso = 18;
;

5. Now we need hex file with bootloader. The tutorial says to use what was compiled in IDE however it didn't work for me. I used generic bootloader from file sparkfunboards.1.1.9.tar.bz2 downloaded from this link.

6. Inside that archive I went to \avr-1.1.9\bootloaders\caterina\ and copied Caterina.hex to Raspberry Pi.

7. Check if can connect:

avrdude -p atmega328p -C ~/avrdude_gpio.conf -c pi_1 -v


8. Flash bootloader with below command:

avrdude -p m32u4 -C /etc/avrdude_gpio.conf -c pi_1 -v -U flash:w:Caterina.hex:i

Output was following:

avrdude: Version 6.3 Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/ Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch System wide configuration file is "/etc/avrdude_gpio.conf" User configuration file is "/root/.avrduderc" User configuration file does not exist or is not a regular file, skipping Using Port : unknown Using Programmer : pi_1 AVR Part : ATmega32U4 Chip Erase delay : 9000 us PAGEL : PD7 BS2 : PA0 RESET disposition : dedicated RETRY pulse : SCK serial program mode : yes parallel program mode : yes Timeout : 200 StabDelay : 100 CmdexeDelay : 25 SyncLoops : 32 ByteDelay : 0 PollIndex : 3 PollValue : 0x53 Memory Detail : Block Poll Page Polled Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- --------- eeprom 65 20 4 0 no 1024 4 0 9000 9000 0x00 0x00 flash 65 6 128 0 yes 32768 128 256 4500 4500 0x00 0x00 lfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 9000 9000 0x00 0x00 hfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 9000 9000 0x00 0x00 efuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 9000 9000 0x00 0x00 lock 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 9000 9000 0x00 0x00 calibration 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00 signature 0 0 0 0 no 3 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00 Programmer Type : linuxgpio Description : Use the Linux sysfs interface to bitbang GPIO lines Pin assignment : /sys/class/gpio/gpio{n} RESET = 12 SCK = 24 MOSI = 23 MISO = 18 avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9587 (probably m32u4) avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as D8 avrdude: safemode: efuse reads as CB avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed To disable this feature, specify the -D option. avrdude: erasing chip avrdude: reading input file "Caterina.hex" avrdude: writing flash (32762 bytes): Writing | ################################################## | 100% 2.31s avrdude: 32762 bytes of flash written avrdude: verifying flash memory against Caterina.hex: avrdude: load data flash data from input file Caterina.hex: avrdude: input file Caterina.hex contains 32762 bytes avrdude: reading on-chip flash data: Reading | ################################################## | 100% 2.11s avrdude: verifying ... avrdude: 32762 bytes of flash verified avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as D8 avrdude: safemode: efuse reads as CB avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:CB, H:D8, L:FF) avrdude done. Thank you.


After that my Arduino Leonardo was recognized by Windows and successfully flashed test blink program.